A company can know more about its activity than ever before while still misunderstanding what’s happening within it.

The most useful question is not be whether it has enough information to act, but whether it has tested the story that the information appears to tell.

This matters most when decisions are later challenged. If an outcome is questioned, the explanation cannot rest solely on what the system produced. The algorithm will not sit in a witness box. A person will.

That person may point to validated models, risk thresholds, and compliance processes, yet beneath all of that lies a human judgement: the judgement to rely on the system, to accept its output, to refrain from overriding it.